Waterfall History
The Waterfall software development process was introduced computer scientist Winston Royce in 1970. Royce first wrote about Waterfall in an article called, Managing the Development of Large Software Systems. Although Royce didn't directly refer to his model as Waterfall, the article was actually about a process that was flawed for software development. Royce's model allowed for more repetition between stages of the model, which Waterfall doesn't allow you to do.
Royce's actual model was more iterative in how it worked and allowed more room to maneuver between stages. We will discuss a more iterative way of working when we discuss Agile later on in this book. Although Royce didn't refer to his model as the Waterfall model directly, he is credited with the first description of what we refer to as the Waterfall model.
Agile History
There have been many attempts to try and improve software development practices over the years, and many of these have looked at working in a more iterative way. These new practices didn't go far enough when trying to deal with changing requirements of customers.
In the 1990s, a group of industry software thought leaders met at a ski resort in Utah to try and define a better way of developing software. The term "Agile software development" emerged from this gathering. The term was first used in this manner and published in the now-famous Agile Manifesto. The Agile Manifesto was designed to promote the ideas of delivering regular business value to your customers through the work of a collaborative, cross-functional team.
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